![]() They are reported to accumulate toxins including the potent neurotoxins saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin in their skin, gonads, and liver to deter predator attacks. They are also capable of inflating their abdomen with water when frightened or disturbed. They are normally solitary individuals but are known to form loose aggregations around man-made structures. They have the ability to survive in a wide range of salinities (5 ppm to 45 ppm). They are active during the day and settle into sandy bottoms at night. They reach a maximum length 25.0 cm (9.8 inches) in length. The Southern Puffer is found in coastal and estuarine habitats in shallow protected waters at depths up to 18 m (60 feet) and have an affinity for mangroves and seagrasses. They do not have pelvic fins, fin spines or scales. Their anal fin has 6 rays and a short base and, their dorsal fin has 7 rays and a short base. Their head is blunt with a small terminal mouth and 4 fused teeth that form a strong beak. Breeding males are covered with small bright orange or red spots. They have large dark splotches along their lower sides, variable dark slashes on their lower cheek, a dark bar between their eyes, and a dark pectoral fin base. They transition to light brown ventrally. They are dark brown and covered with darker and lighter spots and blotches, many having pale tan rings and semicircles. The Southern Puffer has a thick, oblong, and inflatable body. Globally, there are twenty-three species in the genus Sphoeroides, of which thirteen are found in Mexican waters, eight in the Atlantic and five in the Pacific Ocean. The Southern Puffer, Sphoeroides nephelus, is a member of the Puffer or Tetraodontidae Family, and is known in Mexico as botete fruta or simply just botete. ![]() Catch, photograph, and identification courtesy of Josh Leisen (), Gaylord, Michigan. Fish caught from coastal waters off Key Largo, Florida, March 2017. Catch, photograph, and identification courtesy of Dean Kimberly, Atlanta, Georgia. Fish caught from coastal waters off Key West, Florida, March 2017. Catch, photograph and identification courtesy of Ryan Crutchfield, Tampa, Florida. Fish caught off the Dunedin Causeway, Dunedin, Florida, March 2016. Catch, photograph and identification courtesy of Ben Cantrell, San Diego, California. Southern Puffer, Sphoeroides nephelus. Fish caught from coastal waters off Tampa, Florida, May 2018. Catch, photograph and identification courtesy of Eli (). Fish caught from coastal waters off Clearwater, Florida, March 2012. Catch, photograph and identification courtesy of Marc Eberlein, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Fish caught off the Sanibel Island Pier, Sanibel Island, Florida, March 2017. Gastropod Shells – by Genus and Species.Bivalves or Pelecypod Shells – by Family.Bivalves or Pelecypod Shells – by Genus and Species.Bivalve or Pelcypod Shells – by Common Name.Fish Weight From Length Conversion Tables.Birds – Family Photos – Tanagers to Wrens.Birds – Family Photos – Mockingbirds to Swallows.Birds – Family Photos – Falcons to Kinglet.Birds – Family Photos – Anhinga to Ducks.Bering Strait: Walruses and Saxitoxin-Late Summer/Fall 2017.Erection Induced by Tx2-6 Toxin of Phoneutria Nigriventer Spider: Expression Profile of Genes in the Nitric Oxide Pathway of Penile Tissue of Mice.Response to a Ricin Incident: Guidelines for Federal, State, and Local Public Health and Medical Officials.Aflatoxins: Properties, Toxicity and Detoxification.T Cell Receptor V9 in Method for Rapidly Quantifying Active.Harvesting Toxin Sequences in Tarantulas As a Case Study.Phoneutria Nigriventer Spider Toxin Pntx2-1 (Δ-Ctenitoxin-Pn1a) Is a Modulator of Sodium Channel Gating.Identification of a Botulinum Neurotoxin-Like Toxin in A.Mycotoxin Contamination of Corn What It Is, What It Does to Pigs and What Can Be Done About It John Patience, Ph.D.Venom Toxins: Plausible Evolution from Digestive Enzymes1.The Paralytic Shellfish Toxin, Saxitoxin, Enters the Cytoplasm and Induces.Physical and Chemical Methods for Reduction in Aflatoxin Content Of.Human Leukemia T-Cell Lines As Alternatives to Animal Use for Detecting Biologically Active Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type B. ![]()
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